{"id":36,"date":"2009-02-02T10:47:33","date_gmt":"2009-02-02T10:47:33","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/gentlejunk.net\/research\/?p=36"},"modified":"2014-10-09T10:26:55","modified_gmt":"2014-10-09T10:26:55","slug":"the-metropolis-and-mental-life","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/gentlejunk.net\/research\/2009\/02\/the-metropolis-and-mental-life\/","title":{"rendered":"&#8220;The Metropolis and Mental Life&#8221;"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>The concept of the fl\u00e2neur is important in academic discussions of the phenomenon of <a title=\"Modernity\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Modernity\">modernity<\/a>.<br \/>\nWhile Baudelaire&#8217;s aesthetic and critical visions helped open up the<br \/>\nmodern city as a space for investigation, theorists, such as <a title=\"Georg Simmel\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Georg_Simmel\">Georg Simmel<\/a>,<br \/>\nbegan to codify the urban experience in more sociological and<br \/>\npsychological terms. In his essay &#8220;The Metropolis and Mental Life&#8221;,<br \/>\nSimmel theorizes that the complexities of the modern city create new<br \/>\nsocial bonds and new attitudes towards others. The modern city was<br \/>\ntransforming humans, giving them a new relationship to time and space,<br \/>\ninculcating in them a &#8220;blas\u00e9 attitude&#8221;, and altering fundamental<br \/>\nnotions of freedom and being:<\/p>\n<table class=\"cquote\" style=\"border-style: none; margin: auto; border-collapse: collapse; background-color: transparent;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding: 10px; color: #b2b7f2; font-size: 35px; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: left;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"20\">\u201c<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 4px 10px;\" valign=\"top\">The deepest problems of<br \/>\nmodern life derive from the claim of the individual to preserve the<br \/>\nautonomy and individuality of his existence in the face of overwhelming<br \/>\nsocial forces, of historical heritage, of external culture, and of the<br \/>\ntechnique of life. The fight with nature which primitive man has to<br \/>\nwage for his bodily existence attains in this modern form its latest<br \/>\ntransformation. The eighteenth century called upon man to free himself<br \/>\nof all the historical bonds in the state and in religion, in morals and<br \/>\nin economics. Man&#8217;s nature, originally good and common to all, should<br \/>\ndevelop unhampered. In addition to more liberty, the nineteenth century<br \/>\ndemanded the functional specialization of man and his work; this<br \/>\nspecialization makes one individual incomparable to another, and each<br \/>\nof them indispensable to the highest possible extent. However, this<br \/>\nspecialization makes each man the more directly dependent upon the<br \/>\nsupplementary activities of all others. Nietzsche sees the full<br \/>\ndevelopment of the individual conditioned by the most ruthless struggle<br \/>\nof individuals; socialism believes in the suppression of all<br \/>\ncompetition for the same reason. Be that as it may, in all these<br \/>\npositions the same basic motive is at work: the person resists to being<br \/>\nleveled down and worn out by a social-technological mechanism. An<br \/>\ninquiry into the inner meaning of specifically modern life and its<br \/>\nproducts, into the soul of the cultural body, so to speak, must seek to<br \/>\nsolve the equation which structures like the metropolis set up between<br \/>\nthe individual and the super-individual contents of life. (&#8220;The<br \/>\nMetropolis and Mental Life&#8221;)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The concept of the fl\u00e2neur is important in academic discussions of the phenomenon of modernity. While Baudelaire&#8217;s aesthetic and critical visions helped open up the modern city as a space for investigation, theorists, such as Georg Simmel, began to codify the urban experience in more sociological and psychological terms. In his essay &#8220;The Metropolis and [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[13,12,64],"class_list":["post-36","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-uncategorized","tag-mind-menagement","tag-new-technologies","tag-urban"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/gentlejunk.net\/research\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/36","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/gentlejunk.net\/research\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/gentlejunk.net\/research\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/gentlejunk.net\/research\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/gentlejunk.net\/research\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=36"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"http:\/\/gentlejunk.net\/research\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/36\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":333,"href":"http:\/\/gentlejunk.net\/research\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/36\/revisions\/333"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/gentlejunk.net\/research\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=36"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/gentlejunk.net\/research\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=36"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/gentlejunk.net\/research\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=36"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}